01937nas a2200157   4500000000100000008004100001100002600042700002100068700002200089700002000111700002300131700001800154245012900172856003700301520144100338       2026                            d1 aAgnieszka Anna Tomaka1 aKrzysztof Domino1 aMichał Tarnawski1 aEmil Kalinowski1 aMałgorzata Domino1 aDariusz Pojda00aSimulation of temporomandibular joint space changes based on rigid-body transformation using virtual and semi-virtual models  uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2604.253223 a<p>The integration of multimodal data within a common coordinate system is essential for spatial analysis of the stomatognathic system. This study aims to develop a multimodal data integration methodology for digital modeling of spatial changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) across various mandible positions. A transformation tree framework was proposed to integrate CBCT, facial, and dental representation images into a common coordinate system and to simulate seven mandible positions using rigid-body transformations. Two proprietary models were applied. Spatial changes in mandible positions were propagated to TMJ articular surface positions using both models, although the results were model-related. The model-based uncertainty was quantified using error metrics. The consistency error revealed variability that dominated in the translation component over the rotation component of the rigid-body transformation, and showed anisotropy in the latero-lateral direction. The simulation errors were not uniform across mandible positions and were higher (p&lt;0.0001) at the TMJ level (1.46 mm) than at the dental level (0.47 mm). As even small discrepancies in mandible position can lead to significant changes in the TMJ joint space, the proposed methodology may be useful for evaluating geometrically related positions of the mandible and TMJ, particularly when repeated radiographic imaging of the TMJs is undesirable.</p>